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Paket Soal
EXCERCISE 2 - READING COMPERHENSION 2021
Soal Nomor 1/50.

The reasons for the extinction of a species and for the rapid rates

of change in our environment are currently the focus of much scientific

research. An individual species' susceptibility to extinction depends on at

least two things: the taxon (the biological group—kingdom, phylum, class,

(5) order, family, or genus) to which a species belongs, and the overall rate

of environmental change. Fossil evidence shows that more mammals and

birds become extinct than do mollusks or insects. Studies of the extinction

of the dinosaurs and other reptiles during the Cretaceous Period show

that a changing environment affects different taxa in different ways. Some

(10) may be dramatically affected, others less so.

The best way to answer the question of what causes anextinction is

to combine fields of inquiry and a variety of viewpoints. Using the fossil

record and historical documentation, the different rates of the extinction

of various taxa and different responses to environmental change can be

(15) detected. Then the evolutionary development of the different species

can be compared, and traits that may be disadvantageous can be singled

out. Finally, researchers can use mathematical formulae to determine

whether a population is likely to adapt itself to the changing environment

or disappear. Hopefully, as more of this information is collected, specialists

(20) in different fieldse.g. physiological and behavioral ecology, population

ecology, community ecology, evolutionary biology and systematics,

biogeography, and paleobiology — will work together to make predictions

about the changes that might occur in the ecosystem.

1. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?

 

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